喵咪社区

From walking pneumonia to COVID-19 pneumonia, here are some key facts about this potentially serious condition.

When you鈥檙e sick, it can be hard to diagnose yourself: Do you have a cold? The flu? COVID-19? Bronchitis? Or, could it be pneumonia?

Pneumonia is a potentially serious condition: An estimated adults in the United States seek care in a hospital due to pneumonia every year, and 50,000 die from it.

鈥淧neumonia causes inflammation, fluid or pus to build up in the air sacs of the lungs, which are called alveoli,鈥� explains Carrie Ward, MD, a primary care physician with 喵咪社区. 鈥淭he alveoli are responsible for air exchange, and when they fill with fluid or are inflamed, they can鈥檛 effectively do their job, and the body receives less oxygen.鈥�

Here鈥檚 what you need to know about pneumonia, including when to see a doctor.

1. Pneumonia can have different causes.

Pneumonia is a lung infection most often caused by a virus or bacteria, and less often by fungi or chemical irritants, according to Dr. Ward. Pneumonia is usually and can be spread through air droplets from coughing or sneezing, or from touch.

is often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, also called pneumococcal pneumonia. Other bacteria can lead to different types of pneumonia, such as Legionella pneumophila, which causes Legionnaires鈥� disease.

Viruses that cause pneumonia include influenza,听the common cold (rhinovirus), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and COVID-19.

鈥淐OVID-19 pneumonia typically affects both lungs and is associated with a great deal of inflammation,鈥� Dr. Ward points out. 鈥淭his is why the infection can cause a significant cough and shortness of breath, and for some people, it can lead to the need for oxygen supplementation and even mechanical ventilation.鈥�

are looking into how pneumonia from COVID-19 is different from pneumonia from other causes, why it causes significant long-term damage to the lungs and what kinds of new treatments might best target it.

2. You should call your doctor, if you have these symptoms.

It may be hard to tell if you have pneumonia just from how you feel, but there are things to look out for.

According to Dr. Ward, symptoms of pneumonia include:

• Cough, which can include mucus or phlegm
• Fever or chills
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain, especially when breathing or coughing

鈥淭o monitor your symptoms, I recommend keeping a working thermometer and a blood oxygen reader, called a pulse oximeter, at home,鈥� she says.

If you have any of the following symptoms, Dr. Ward recommends seeking medical attention:

• A fever above 102 degrees Fahrenheit, even after taking fever-lowering medications, like acetaminophen or ibuprofen
• Blood oxygen level lower than 95%
• Coughing up blood 鈥� or sputum that contains blood

She adds that people whose immune systems are compromised (either by a medical condition or a medication) should contact their doctor, if they think they are having pneumonia symptoms.

3. Pneumonia isn鈥檛 something you can diagnose yourself.

Although you may suspect you have pneumonia based on your symptoms, only a doctor can tell for sure.

Dr. Ward says that pneumonia is diagnosed with a combination of the following:

• A physical exam, to listen for abnormal sounds in the lungs and to see how the patient is breathing
• Vital signs, to check temperature, heart and respiratory rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation
• Blood tests, to check for signs of inflammation or blood infection
• Chest X-ray, to look for evidence of infection in the lung tissues

鈥淪ometimes, special tests are utilized to examine respiratory secretions to help diagnose certain types of infectious pneumonia,鈥� she adds.

4. Pneumonia can be serious 鈥� but not always.

A case of pneumonia doesn鈥檛 necessarily require a hospital stay: If you are diagnosed with pneumonia but your symptoms aren鈥檛 severe, your doctor may direct you to manage it .

COVID-19 aside, bacterial pneumonia can be than viral pneumonia 鈥� unless you have a case of pneumonia caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae, often referred to as , the non-medical term for atypical pneumonia. Although it鈥檚 often mild, atypical pneumonia can still make you feel pretty bad and can also be spread to others.

5. Pneumonia treatment depends on the kind you have.

How to fight pneumonia is based on the type you鈥檙e diagnosed with. For bacterial pneumonia, you鈥檒l be given antibiotics to treat the infection. Unfortunately, treatment for viral pneumonia isn鈥檛 always so easy: You may be given antiviral medication, but you also might be instructed to ride out the virus at home. If this is the case, you may be told to take over-the-counter pain or fever medications, drink hot fluids and get plenty of rest.

If your pneumonia is severe and requires a hospital stay, you may get fluids (and antibiotics, if necessary) through an IV and oxygen therapy to help you breathe. People with the most severe cases may be put on a ventilator. Most people will recover from pneumonia, although symptoms can linger for weeks.

6. You can reduce your chances of getting pneumonia.

The measures you take for preventing other contagious diseases help prevent pneumonia, as well.

鈥淭o protect yourself from pneumonia, including COVID-19 pneumonia, wear a mask, practice physical distancing and wash your hands or use hand sanitizer often,鈥� Dr. Ward says.

Vaccines, like the flu vaccine, can help reduce your risk for getting infections that can lead to pneumonia; additionally, there鈥檚 a to prevent pneumococcal pneumonia for certain people.

鈥淩emember to get your annual influenza vaccination, and if you are over 65 years old or are immunocompromised, get your pneumonia vaccinations,鈥� Dr. Ward says. 鈥淲hen it is your turn for the COVID-19 vaccination, be sure to get that, too.鈥�

Smokers are at greater risk for pneumonia; if you are contemplating quitting smoking, your doctor can provide you with great resources to help you succeed and protect your lung health, she adds.

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